The Efficacy of Moina micrura Enriched with Probiotic Bacillus pocheonensis in Enhancing Survival and Disease Resistance of Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Larvae

The administration of probiotics via live feeds, such as Artemia and rotifers, has gained significant attention. Moreover, indiscriminate use antibiotics in conventional aquaculture practices order to prevent or control disease outbreaks resulted the occurrence residues antimicrobial resistance. Thus, application eco-friendly feed additives, probiotics, a safer alternative received increasing attention recent years. However, only minimal information on freshwater cladoceran Moina micrura is available despite being commonly used for larval post-larval feeding crustaceans fish. this study aimed evaluate Bacillus pocheonensis strain S2 administered M. red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) larvae. that been previously isolated from Spirulina sp. was subjected preliminary vitro evaluation antagonistic properties. agar well-diffusion assay revealed probiont could inhibit growth Streptococcus agalactiae Aeromonas hydrophila. size inhibition zones ranged 8.8 ± 0.2 18.2 0.4 mm. later biological model vivo bacterial challenge assays efficacy B. protecting host diseases. pre-enriched with at 104 106 CFU mL−1 before S. A. hydrophila were introduced into culture. able significantly enhance survival after challenged both pathogens (63 3%) comparison group. relative percentage (RPS) highest (p < 0.05) when treated concentrations (38.33) against agalactiae. To assess streptococcosis, larvae fed either unenriched (control) probiont-enriched daily 10 days. A higher rate (77 observed compared other treatments, RPS recorded 62.90. In addition, load suppressed (6.84±0.39 mL−1) group (7.78±0.09 mL−1), indicating might have contributed improvement health survival. This illustrated suitable be vector fish an hazardous control.